H5N1 Bird Flu & Your Travel Plans: What You Need to Know
, by Tatianna Gerard, 17 min reading time
With new mutations of the H5N1 bird flu virus making headlines globally, including a recent genomic analysis from Canada, including in Vietnam highlighting concerning changes, now is the time to prioritise your health—especially if you’re travelling. While the risk in Australia remains low for now, the rapid adaptability of viruses like H5N1 serves as a reminder of how quickly things can change.
As travel opens up opportunities, it also brings potential exposure to viral threats. With a few simple precautions and the right tools in your travel kit, you can significantly reduce your risk and enjoy your holidays with peace of mind. In this blog, we’ll cover the latest health updates, practical travel tips, and must-have products to keep you safe and healthy no matter where your journey takes you.
What you need to know about bird flu and other viral threats
What is avian influenza?
Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is an infectious viral disease that primarily affects birds, both domestic and wild. It is caused by influenza A viruses, which can also infect other species, including humans, under certain conditions. The virus is highly contagious among birds and can spread rapidly in flocks, causing significant agricultural and ecological impacts. While rare, certain strains of avian influenza, such as H5N1, have crossed the species barrier to infect humans, posing serious public health concerns.
Read related blog article: Can You Get Influenza A Twice?
What is H5N1 and why are recent mutations a concern?
H5N1 is a subtype of the avian influenza virus that was first detected in geese in Guangdong, China, in 1996. Since then, it has caused periodic outbreaks in birds and sporadic infections in humans. H5N1 is known for its high mortality rate among humans—over 50% of reported cases have been fatal, according to the report by the World Health Organization. However, its transmission to humans has been limited, often occurring only through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated environments.
Recent genomic analyses in Canada have uncovered mutations in H5N1 that suggest the virus may be adapting to infect mammals more efficiently. This development raises concerns that H5N1 could one day acquire the ability for sustained human-to-human transmission, increasing the potential for a pandemic. While these mutations have not yet resulted in widespread outbreaks in humans, they underscore the importance of monitoring and preparedness.
Symptoms of avian influenza in humans
When H5N1 infects humans, it often presents symptoms that resemble those of other types of influenza. Common symptoms include:
- Fever
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Muscle aches
In more severe cases, individuals may experience:
- Difficulty breathing
- Chest pain
- Pneumonia
- Acute respiratory distress
These symptoms typically appear between 2 to 10 days following exposure to the virus. It’s worth noting that some symptoms of bird flu, such as fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, can overlap with those of COVID-19. Understanding the subtle differences can be crucial, especially during travel or seasonal outbreaks.
Learn more about how these illnesses differ: Is it Flu or COVID? How to Know the Symptoms
Travel smart: Simple steps to stay safe
1. Prioritise personal hygiene
Maintaining good hygiene is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of viruses like H5N1 and other respiratory illnesses.
- Handwashing: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, particularly after touching surfaces in public spaces, handling animals, or before eating.
- Hand sanitiser: When soap and water aren’t available, use a hand sanitiser. Keep a travel-sized bottle handy for on-the-go use.
- Avoid touching your face: Viruses can enter your body through the eyes, nose, and mouth. Avoid touching your face unless you’ve washed your hands.
Recommended products:
- Antibacterial hand wipes
- Travel-sized hand sanitiser
- Compact, refillable soap dispensers
Why hand sanitiser?
When soap and water aren’t available, hand sanitiser becomes an essential alternative for maintaining hygiene. It’s portable, effective, and easy to use on the go, making it a lifesaver when you’re in situations where a water source isn’t readily accessible, such as during flights, on public transport, or at outdoor markets.
For the best results, the recommendation is that you an alcohol-based hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol. This concentration is proven to be highly effective at killing germs, bacteria, and viruses on your hands. Look for sanitisers that are fast-drying, leave no sticky residue, and come in convenient travel-sized bottles that can fit in your pocket or bag.
However, if you have sensitive skin, alcohol-based sanitisers may sometimes cause dryness or irritation. In such cases, consider a non-alcohol-based sanitiser containing around 0.1% to 0.13% benzalkonium chloride (BKC). This low concentration is considered safe for humans, even children, the elderly, and pregnant women. BKC is a widely used antimicrobial agent that is gentle on the skin while still being effective against germs, bacteria, and viruses. Unlike alcohol, it doesn’t evaporate quickly, allowing it to provide longer-lasting protection.
You don’t have to look high and low for a BKC-based hand sanitiser in Australia. You can easily get the Australian made ViroCLEAR hand sanitiser which contains 0.12% BKC.
Key benefits of BKC-based sanitisers:
- Less drying and irritating than alcohol-based options.
- Ideal for frequent use, especially for individuals with sensitive or eczema-prone skin.
- Potent against a broad spectrum of harmful microorganisms.
Whether you opt for alcohol-based or non-alcohol-based sanitiser, the important thing is to always have one handy, especially during travel, to maintain hygiene and reduce your risk of infection.
2. Wear protective gear in high-risk environments
Personal protective equipment (PPE) plays a vital role in reducing the risk of exposure to harmful pathogens, including avian influenza viruses like H5N1. While wearing masks and gloves is important in crowded public spaces such as airports, train stations, or markets, PPE becomes absolutely critical in high-risk environments like farms, poultry facilities, or areas where contact with live birds is frequent.
Why PPE is crucial in farm or agricultural settings
Farms, particularly those with poultry or livestock, are considered high-risk zones for avian influenza due to the close interaction between humans and animals. Workers may come into direct contact with infected birds, contaminated surfaces, or materials like feathers, droppings, and feed, which can carry the virus. Without proper protection, these settings significantly increase the chances of infection.
Key protective measures include:
- Masks: High-efficiency masks like N95 or P2 masks are critical as they filter out airborne particles, including dust and respiratory droplets that may carry the virus. These masks are especially important when cleaning bird enclosures or handling poultry.
- Gloves: Disposable gloves minimise direct skin contact with potentially infected materials. Gloves should be properly disposed of after use to prevent cross-contamination.
- Protective clothing: Coveralls, boots, and hair coverings provide a physical barrier between the individual and contaminated materials. These body PPEs are essential for those working on farms or visiting wet markets.
Using PPE in general public spaces
While PPE is vital in agricultural environments, it also has broad applications for travellers and everyday situations. Crowded and poorly ventilated areas, such as public transport, shopping centres, or festivals, can increase the risk of airborne transmission of viruses. Wearing a high-quality mask and maintaining hand hygiene in these spaces can significantly reduce your risk.
Best practices for PPE use
- Always wear PPE properly, ensuring masks fit snugly and gloves cover all exposed skin.
- Dispose of single-use items safely and responsibly.
- Regularly clean reusable items like protective goggles or face shields with disinfectant.
- Avoid touching the front of your mask or gloves during use.
3. Avoid high-risk areas and activities
Certain locations and activities can significantly increase the risk of exposure to avian influenza and other infectious diseases. Being aware of these risks and taking precautions can help you stay safe during your travels.
Stay away from live bird markets
Live bird markets are known hotspots for avian influenza transmission, as they involve close proximity to live poultry, feathers, droppings, and contaminated surfaces—all of which can harbour the virus. These markets are particularly common in certain parts of the world where fresh poultry is sold directly to consumers.
Countries where live bird markets are commonly found include:
- China: Wet markets are widespread in urban and rural areas, selling live poultry alongside other fresh produce.
- Vietnam: Live poultry is often sold in open markets, particularly in smaller towns and rural areas.
- Indonesia: Markets featuring live chickens and ducks are common, especially in Java, Bali, and Sumatra.
- Thailand: While the government has regulated live bird markets, some still operate, particularly in rural regions.
- India: Live poultry markets can be found in various states, especially in smaller towns and villages.
- Bangladesh: Live bird markets are prevalent, especially in urban areas like Dhaka and rural communities.
- Egypt: Markets selling live poultry are a regular feature in both urban and rural areas.
- Philippines: Live bird markets are scattered throughout the country, particularly in farming regions.
If you are travelling to any of these countries or regions where live bird markets are a cultural norm, it’s best to avoid visiting these spaces entirely.
Exercise caution around animals
In addition to avoiding live bird markets, take care when interacting with animals in rural areas or regions commonly experiencing outbreaks. Even healthy-looking birds and animals can sometimes carry viruses. Avoid touching or feeding animals, and do not handle dead or sick birds under any circumstances.
Follow local health advisories
Local health departments and governments often issue specific guidelines during outbreaks of avian influenza or other diseases. Pay close attention to these advisories, particularly when travelling in regions with a history of avian influenza outbreaks.
By avoiding high-risk areas like live bird markets and practising caution around animals, you can significantly reduce your exposure to potential sources of infection.
4. Practise respiratory etiquette
Be mindful of your own health practices to protect yourself and those around you.
- Cover your coughs and sneezes: Use a tissue or your elbow to cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. Dispose of tissues immediately and wash your hands.
- Stay home if unwell: If you experience flu-like symptoms before travelling, it’s better to postpone your trip to prevent spreading illness.
5. Keep your immunity strong
A robust immune system can help your body fight off infections more effectively.
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water, especially during long-haul flights or in hot climates.
- Eat nutritious foods: Prioritise fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins and antioxidants.
- Consider supplements: Products like Vitamin C, Zinc, and probiotics can support immune health.
Recommended products:
- Electrolyte tablets for hydration
- Multivitamin supplements
- Immune-boosting herbal teas or mushroom extracts
6. Pack a comprehensive travel health kit
Having a well-stocked health kit can make a huge difference during your travels. Essentials include:
- Hand sanitiser and wipes
- Thermometer
- Fever reducers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen
- Basic first-aid supplies
- Masks and gloves
- Prescription medications in sufficient quantities
- Travel insurance details and emergency contact numbers
Pro tip: Pre-packaged travel health kits are a convenient option and can save time while ensuring you have all the basics covered.
Check out our range of Travel Safe Packs.
7. Stay informed before and during your trip
Knowledge is your best defence against health risks.
- Monitor local news: Keep an eye on health updates in your destination to stay aware of any emerging risks.
- Register with SmartTraveller: If you’re travelling internationally, register with the Australian Government’s SmartTraveller service to receive important safety and travel updates.
Stay informed, stay safe: Reliable sources for travellers
Staying informed is one of the most powerful tools you can have when travelling, especially in a time of heightened awareness about health risks like avian influenza (H5N1). Access to reliable, up-to-date information can help you make safer choices, adapt plans when needed, and protect yourself and others.
Monitor trusted sources for global and local updates
Accessing accurate and timely health information is key to understanding potential risks at your destination. These trusted sources provide comprehensive updates and guidance:
1. World Health Organization (WHO):
The WHO provides global updates on disease outbreaks, travel advisories, and health guidelines. Its website offers a specific section on avian influenza, including the latest research and travel precautions.
Website: https://www.who.int
2. Australian Department of Health and Aged Care:
For Australians, this is a primary source for local and international health updates, including information on disease outbreaks and travel safety.
Website: https://www.health.gov.au
3. SmartTraveller (Australian Government):
A must-visit resource for Australians travelling abroad. SmartTraveller provides country-specific safety advice, including health risks, vaccinations, and emergency contact information for Australian embassies.
Website: https://www.smartraveller.gov.au
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
While a US-based organisation, the CDC offers global travel health notices and detailed country-specific recommendations that are relevant for travellers worldwide.
Website: https://www.cdc.gov/travel
5. Local Government and Health Authorities:
When travelling internationally, check the websites or apps of your destination’s health department for the most accurate and localised updates.
Conclusion
Travelling during the festive season is an exciting opportunity to explore new destinations, reconnect with loved ones, and create lasting memories. However, as global health concerns like avian influenza (H5N1) continue to evolve, staying informed and prepared is essential for ensuring your safety and wellbeing.
By understanding the risks associated with travel and taking proactive measures—such as practising good hygiene, wearing protective gear, avoiding high-risk areas, and staying informed—you can significantly reduce your exposure to potential health threats.
Even if your destination seems safe at the start of your trip, circumstances can change quickly. Make it a habit to check daily updates from trusted sources like local health departments, SmartTraveller, or the WHO. A few minutes spent reviewing the latest health news in your location can help you adapt to new advisories or outbreaks. Additionally, paying attention to local media during your stay can provide valuable insights into regional health concerns that might not appear in global reports.
Ultimately, preparation and vigilance are your best travel companions. With the right precautions and the support of trusted resources, you can enjoy your holiday season to the fullest, knowing you’ve taken the steps to protect yourself and your loved ones.